6 Functions of Behavior and How to Identifying Them

6 Functions of Behavior and How to Identifying Them Conduct is humans main thing, and its detectable and quantifiable. Regardless of whether it is to stroll starting with one spot then onto the next or to split ones knuckles, conduct serves some sort of capacity. In the exploration based way to deal with adjusting conduct, called Applied Behavior Analysis, the functionâ of an unseemly conduct is searched out, inâ order to discover a substitution conduct to substitute it. Each conduct serves a capacity and providesâ a outcome orâ reinforcementâ for the conduct. Detecting the Function of a Behavior At the point when one effectively distinguishes the capacity of the conduct, one can fortify an other, worthy conduct that will supplant it. At the point when an understudy has a specific need or capacity satisfied by a substitute methods, the mal-versatile or unsatisfactory conduct is more averse to return. For instance, if a youngster needs consideration, and one gives them consideration in a proper manner in view of suitable conduct, people will in general concrete the fitting conduct and make the improper or undesirable conduct more averse to show up. The Six Most Common Functions for Behaviors To get a favored thing or activity.Escape or evasion. The conduct encourages the kid to escape from a setting or action that the person doesnt want.To get consideration, either from huge grown-ups or peers.To impart. This is particularly evident with youngsters with inabilities that limit their capacity to communicate.Self-incitement, when the conduct itself gives reinforcement.Control or force. A few understudies feel especially frail and a hazardous conduct may give them a feeling of intensity or control. Recognizing the Function ABA utilizes a straightforward abbreviation, while ABC (Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) characterizes the three critical pieces of conduct. The definitions are as per the following: Antecedent: The condition in which the conduct happens and the conditions that encompass the event of the conduct or individuals in the earth when the conduct occurs.Behavior: The conduct, what the understudy really does, that should be defined.Consequence: Everything that occurs after the conduct, including how individuals react to the conduct and what befalls the remainder of the understudies instructive program. The most clear proof of how a conduct capacities for a youngster is found in the forerunner (An) and the outcome (C.) The Antecedent In the antecedent,â everything happens preceding the conduct happens. It is some of the time likewise alluded to as the setting occasion, yet a setting occasion might be a piece of the precursor and not the entirety. The educator or ABA specialist needs to inquire as to whether something is in the condition that may prompt the conduct, for example, getting away from boisterous commotions, an individual who consistently presents an interest or an adjustment in schedule that may appear to be terrifying to a youngster. There likewise might be something that occurs in that condition that appears to have a causal relationship, similar to the passageway of a pretty young lady which can draw consideration. The Consequence In ABA, the term result has a quite certain importance, which simultaneously is more extensive than the utilization of outcome, as it normally seems to be, to mean discipline. The outcome is the thing that occurs as the aftereffect of the conduct. That outcome is typically the prize or support for the conduct. Consider outcomes like the youngster being expelled from the room or the educator chilling out and giving the kid something simpler or amusing to do. Another outcome may incorporate the instructor getting extremely furious and beginning to shout. It is generally in how the outcome associates with the predecessor that one can discover the capacity of the behavior.â Instances of the Pivotal Parts of Behavior Model 1: Jeremy has been taking his garments off in the study hall. During an organized perception, the specialist saw that when the ideal opportunity for workmanship draws near, Jeremy gets truly fomented. At the point when the educator declares, Time to tidy up to go to workmanship, Jeremy will hurl himself on the floor and begin pulling his shirt off. It has now arrived at where he rapidly pulls his socks and jeans off, also, so the workplace will call his mom to take him home. The capacity here is toâ escape. Jeremy doesnt need to go to craftsmanship class. The educators need to make sense of what it is that Jeremy needs to escape from workmanship. The educator may begin taking his preferred toy to craftsmanship and not putting any requests on him, or he/she might need to put headsets on Jeremy (the room might be excessively boisterous, or the instructors voice might be excessively shrill.) Model 2: The second that Hilary is given an interest after gathering, she starts to fit. She clears her work area with a range, thumps it over, and hurls herself to the floor. As of late she has included gnawing. It has taken as much as a half hour to quiet her down, however in the wake of assaulting different understudies, the chief has been sending her home with Mom, who she needs to herself for the remainder of the day. This is another capacity of departure, however due to the outcome, one may state it is likewise in a roundabout way consideration since she gets the full focus of Mom when she returns home. The instructor needs to chip away at gradually forming the scholastic conduct, giving her favored exercises at her work area, and ensuring there is a home note that assists Mom with giving Hilary additional consideration, away from her normal kin, when she has an incredible day. Model 3: Carlos is aâ seventh grader with low working mental imbalance. He has been hitting young ladies when he goes to lunch or rec center, however not hard. They are warmly alluded to as adoration taps. He incidentally hits a kid with long hair, however his center is normally young ladies. He as a rule smiles after he has done it. Here, the capacity is consideration. Carlos is an immature kid, and he needs the consideration of pretty young ladies. He needs to figure out how to welcome young ladies fittingly to stand out enough to be noticed.

Hamlet Appearance vs Reality Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Appearance versus Reality Essay Appearance versus reality in Shakespeare’s, Hamlet, is a tainted at this point regular topic. This play is overflowing with characters that assume their jobs behind a cloak of trickery. They frequently have all the earmarks of being one way when they truly are something altogether unique. Things inside the play have all the earmarks of being valid and fair however as a general rule are dirtied with underhanded. A large number of the characters inside the play hole up behind a veil of deceitfulness. Four of the primary characters that holed up behind this cover are Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and King Claudius. From behind this veil they give the impression of an individual who is earnest and valid, in all actuality they are overpowered with untruths and insidiousness. One of the most clear instances of appearance versus reality in Hamlet is the character of Claudius. Claudius yearned to be top dog, rule the land and crown his sovereign. He gave no respect to the sentiments of the family. He was envious and savage in seeking after his dream†¦ruthless to the point of homicide. He claims to be concerned and angry with the activities of Hamlet and his prosperity, when as a general rule he is alarmed that Hamlet knows about his fatal mystery. Maybe he do magic all in all realm for his own inevitable intrigue. Our â€Å"innocent† Claudius even request spies to examine the starting point of Hamlet’s madness†¦not to benefit Hamlet yet for himself. He is in fact a bored character, whose caring atmosphere veils the essence of a childish killer as he says â€Å"whose murmur o’er the world’s breadth, as levels as the gun to his clear vehicles his harmed shot, may miss our name and hit the woundless air. Goodness leave away! My spirit is brimming with disagreement and consternation! †-Claudius, act 4 scene 1, lines 42-46. This statement exhibits how Claudius is by all accounts stressed over Hamlet and his activities when he is extremely frightful of him finding reality. Moreover, the king’s regal partner, Polonius, gives off an impression of being a dependable and reliable hireling to the realm all through the play, ready to take on undertakings and weights mentioned by their majesties. Be that as it may, truly Polonius is an abhorrent, ravenous childish man, who serves not his realm but rather himself. One case of this is the manner by which Polonius has all the earmarks of being upbeat, concerned and steady of his child, Laerte’s, excursion to France. He is by all accounts strong of his child until he sends Reynaldo as an emissary, so as to distinguish what kind of fiendishness he discovers in France. What's more, Polonius, once more, shows his wicked attributes when he keeps an eye on Hamlet and Ophelia trying to break down Hamlet’s franticness. He before long requests Ophelia to quit seeing Hamlet, as he conditions her with lies about Hamlets thought processes, when as a general rule Hamlet is genuinely infatuated with Ophelia. By and by, Polonius demonstrates his plotting conduct when he tunes in on Hamlet and Gertrude’s discussion while in the bedchamber. Hamlet at long last shows him his exercise when he out of the blue killings the â€Å"rat. † as a general rule Polonius is definitely not a caring dad keeping an eye out for his youngsters, he utilizes everybody furthering his potential benefit and for his own motivations; this demonstrates as proof for his subtle attitude. Indeed, even two of Hamlet’s beloved companions are survivors of the appearance versus reality topic. They were sent and paid off by the ruler and sovereign to attempt to decide the reason for Hamlet’s craziness. They approach Hamlet as tragically deceased buddies when they are truly anything besides. They were there not as companions yet recruited help for Hamlet’s condition. In act 2 scene 2 line 299, Guildenstern cites â€Å"What would it be a good idea for us to state my ruler? † Completely denying the way that they were sent for by the lord and sovereign. Hamlet rapidly uncovers reality and says, Were you not sent for/And there is a sort of admission in your looks, which your modesties have not make in shading. (Shakespeare 2:2:278) From these words he is requesting an answer from his classmates with respect to their unexplained appearance. Toward the end he reveals to them nothing. As the play proceeds with his companions are asked again by the lord to go to Hamlet and attempt again to locate the genuine purpose behind Hamlet’s conduct. Hamlet affronts them at each possibility realizing that they are deceiving him about their motivation of the visit, ’Tis as simple as lying: administer these ventages with you finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth (Shakespeare 3:2:348) The twins show their appearance of being Hamlets companions yet in truth they have a shrouded explanation behind chatting with Hamlet. Both show that it will be hard for Hamlet to reveal the unwavering quality covered up inside the falsehoods. All through the play, characters help to show the subject, which is appearance sections reality. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Polonius, and the lord all seem, by all accounts, to be acceptable and legitimate. As Hamlet discovers, all contain lies and encapsulate concealed expectations. As each character is introduced in the play all give off an impression of being acceptable and legitimate making it a difficult for Hamlet to reveal the shrouded truth about the idea of each character. All through the play everybody sets up a front in a manner of speaking, for various reasons. Hamlet accepted that the world was degenerate and deluding, this drove him to turn out to be viciously eager. Claudius was manipulative and clever, and utilized his ravenousness to accomplish what he wanted. Duplicity is a significant subject of the play. Clearly all through the play there are numerous disparities between appearance versus reality. It appears everybody is bored and loaded with trickery or ulterior intentions. With such disputable individuals in the realm, it is very suitable to express that there genuinely is something spoiled in the territory of Denmark.

Law Practice and Client’s Confidentiality - 550 Words

Law Practice and Client's Confidentiality (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDate Law Practice and Clients ConfidentialityIn most worlds jurisdictions, it is lawyers responsibility to withhold confidential information belonging to a client. The lawyer should respect and keep it confidential issues regarding clients affairs. This law provision becomes necessary in law practice since some of the information obtained by the solicitor from a client may be confidential in nature and it should not be shared among other persons without the clients informed consent. Since the inception of law practice, clients have been encouraged to frankly disclose their full information and the lawyers have been called upon to uphold their duty of confidentiality regarding clients personal information. Upholding confidentiality promotes and eases solicitors work as it enables clients to freely share their confidential information with their defendants without fear that such information can be made available to the general public (Finlandlaw 1). L aw practice that protects clients confidential information earns public confidence, through protection of clientele human dignity. Also, confidentiality applies to criminal cases and it is justified due to prevention of tricked or forced confessions and admissions. Generally, confidentiality is a fundamental issue as far as solicitor-client relationship is concerned. For law practice to remain an esteemed practice there is need for clients to feel confident enough to disclose all the relevant information to the lawyer without being worried that the information will be accessed by the general public. According to Queensland Law Society, the lawyer client confidentiality exists for mutual benefit of the client and the attorney since it becomes difficult for lawyers to advice their clients appropriately if the client conceals some vital information (1). According to the Finlandlaw, the confidentiality duty is vested to the attorney and it should be exercised to current as well as forme r clients and it should continue even after the death of the client. The law provides for serious consequences for lawyers who disclose clients information to third parties without the clients authority or informed consent. Every attorney should uphold the duty of confidentiality, meaning that every attorney has the obligation to safeguard clients information from intentional and accidental leak. However, under the clients informed consent or authority, lawyers are permitted to disclose clients information that is confidential to third parties. A lawyer who breaches confidentiality obligations and proceeds to disclose clients information to third parties without his consent can be sued by the client for malpractice. In addition, disclosing clients information that is confidential to third parties can lead to public loss of confidence to the particular law firm, thus getting it out of business (Queensland Law Society). Also, continued tendency by a law firm to leak clients confidenti al information may force the attorneys registration body to deregister the firm as a way of safeguarding public confidence and trust on general law practice. However, there ar...

The Trash Problem at Savannah State University - 1030 Words

Problem The problem at hand here at Savannah State University is that our campus is full of trash and we need to start recycling more, we spend a vast amount on money on energy when we do not have to. By participating in these innovations the university will be able to save money that could possibly go toward some much need renovations in Bowen-Smith and Bostic halls. The renovations to the two oldest residential halls campus would help the living conditions more adequate to live in while preserving historic buildings. The money could also go towards the funding for more faculty members to help teach more courses. Background College campuses across the nation have taken action to participate in the Reduce, Recycle and Reuse initiative to help make their campus a better and more environmentally safe. The program encourages recycling in communities, schools and work place. Through this proposal I plan to implement the program â€Å"Let’s Go Green† at Savannah State University. This program would challenge the faculty, students and the university itself to implement eco-friendly activities into day to day operations or everyday lives. Argument With this proposal I hope the change the way that the university thinks about recycling, energy reduction, and water conservation. Savannah State University should want to do these things because they would be doing the environment a great deal. Doing these things would reduce the schools pollution and waste levels. If the university wasShow MoreRelatedSteam Engines in the Industrial Revolution1571 Words   |  7 Pagesboats and trains allowed for the connection of geographic areas. Since the United States depended more on transportation by water than by roads, the steamboats had a great impact on the United States. Steamboats sailed on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and between Charleston, Savannah, and other ports. Steamships did not travel across oceans until 1819 because their fuel consumption was so great. In 1819 The Savannah sailed across the ocean partially on steam. Steam power was only used for about threeRead MoreOverview of the Hospitality and Tourism Industry Essay233 1 Words   |  10 Pagesrestaurant operations that are specific to my state, as well as how I would address those challenges. Secondly, I will determine the impact of computerization on food service and lodging operations in my state. Next, I will analyze the interdependence of food service, lodging, and meeting segments of the hospitality industry and make two recommendations for how the synergy between the three sub-segments could be improved, using examples from my state to illustrate my case. In addition, I will considerRead MoreEssay A Look into Mali, West Africa3402 Words   |  14 PagesA Look into Mali, West Africa It was the day after move-in-day during fall semester 2002. I was a freshman at St. Cloud State University and new in the dorms. I was mulling around looking for something to do when I saw some guys playing pool in the activity lounge. I went in and introduced myself. This was the first time I met Kenny Kane, a Foreign exchange student from Mali, West Africa. We â€Å"hung out† in the dorms periodically through out the year, but when school was over I returned toRead MoreEquipped for Efficiency: Improving Nursing Care Through Technology12192 Words   |  49 Pageseight technologies described in this report address multiple areas of improvement (Table 1). The following sections also describe two additional solutions—alarm/event messaging and biomedical device integration — in greater detail, including the problems they help overcome and the benefits that particular hospitals have realized by implementing them. Table 1. Selected Technologies and Improvement Areas TECHnoLogy CoLLABoRATIon/ CommunICATIon ï ¿ ¼EffICIEnCy 4 ImPRoVEmEnT AREAS SAfETy AnD quALITy Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978)

Symbols in The Awakening by Late Chopin Essay - 727 Words

The Awakening by Kate Chopin is a powerful story of a woman named Edna Pontellier who does not harmonize well with the Creole environment around her. The story explores Edna’s desire to stay true to herself; even if it means disregarding societal rules and causing friction between friends and family. Kate Chopin uses a variety of symbols to help the reader get a deeper understanding of the story. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary the definition of the term symbol is â€Å"an action, object, event, etc., that expresses or represents a particular idea or quality†. Symbol is derived from the Greek word meaning â€Å"to throw together†; it creates an equation between a specific object, scene, character or action and an idea. Throughout the†¦show more content†¦However, Edna is weak and by the end of the story kills herself. Another symbol seen frequently throughout the story is a bird, it is used to represent Edna herself. The story opens talking about two birds and how one seems to differ from the other one. â€Å"A green and yellow parrot, which hung in a cage outside the door, kept repeating over and over: Allez vous-en! Allez vous-en! Sapristi! Thats all right! He could speak a little Spanish, and also a language which nobody understood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1) Just like Edna the parrot is trapped inside of a cage with nowhere to go. Edna also speaks a language which nobody understood†; no one hears nor understands what Edna is trying to accomplish, it is almost as if she is speaking a different language than the other women in her society. The final symbol of a bird is seen when Edna walks along the beach getting ready to kill herself. All along the white beach, up and down, there was no living thing in sight. A bird with a broken wing was beating the air above, reeling, fluttering, circling disabl ed down, down to the water (?) The beach is empty with no living thing in sight and a bird circling to its death. This is significant in that it shows how Edna and the bird were both essentially dead before even touching the water. There was nothing the bird could do to avoid its fate, and just like the bird Edna had no other choice to drown herself because she was already dead. The last major symbol in the story, and maybe the mostShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening: An Emergence of Womens RIghts in the Late Nineteenth Century1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe Awakening: An Emergence of Women’s Rights in the Late Nineteenth Century Kate Chopin’s The Awakening addresses the role of women within society during the late nineteenth century. The novel is set in South Louisiana, a place where tradition and culture also play a vital role in societal expectations. The novel’s protagonist, Edna Pontellier, initially fulfills her position in society as a wife and as a mother while suppressing her urges to live a life of passion and freedom. Edna’s relationshipRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1310 Words   |  6 PagesEdna Pontellier in the Awakening by Kate Chopin. She struggles between fitting into the societal norms for women at the time, the late nineteenth century, and what she feels is right for herself. This aspect of American culture played a role in shaping the novel through characterization, symbolism, and themes. Characterization is a major part in how Chopin used American culture to shape the novel. Edna Pontellier, the main character, is a respectable women in the late 1800s who not only acknowledgesRead MoreThe Symbolism Of Birds Throughout Chopin s The Awakening1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe Symbolism of Birds in Chopin’s The Awakening In the 1899 novella, The Awakening, Kate Chopin illustrates the social oppression that women experienced during the Victorian Era (1837-1901). The protagonist in the novella, Edna Pontellier, reflects the progressive women of the late 1800s who began to question the traditional gender roles of society. In contrast to customary women such as Adele Ratignolle, the model character in the story who displays very high standards of being a wife and a motherRead MorePsychoanalytical Perspective of the Awakening1738 Words   |  7 PagesPsychoanalytical Perspective of The Awakening: The True Desires of Edna Pontellier Stacey Berry South University Online The True Desires of Edna Pontellier In the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, the emotional and sexual awakening is exemplified by a significant revelation in regards to the main character. The protagonist, Edna Pontellier, is a young woman caught in a loveless, but pampered marriage with husband, Là ©once. Stirrings of independence began one summer after obtaining a friend inRead MoreWomen s Patriarchal Oppression By Kate Chopin Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesa typical female characters. Women s goal was to end patriarchal oppressions which was a way men oppressed women by limiting them. In the short story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the narrative of The Awakening and the Story of an hour by Kate Chopin, both authors write examples of literary feminism. Both authors give an insight of how women are oppressed by their husbands therefore impacting these women s ability to express themselves and the quality of their daily livesRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopin1553 Words   |  7 Pages Kate C hopin: A Controversial Feminist nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kate Chopin was one of the greatest and earliest feminist writers in history, whose works have inspired some and drawn much criticism from others. Chopin, through her writings, had shown her struggle for freedom and individuality. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Katherine (O’Flaherty) Chopin was born February 8, 1851 to a wealthy Irish Catholic Family in St. Louis, Missouri (â€Å"Kate Chopin† 1). Her father, Thomas O’Flaherty, was a founderRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopin and Edna Pontellier as Feminists1554 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin and Edna Pontellier as Feminists Kate Chopin is known for her literary works that depict culture in New Orleans, Louisiana, and of womens struggles for freedom. She was born Katherine OFlaherty in Missouri, and later married Oscar Chopin in 1870. He was a Creole cotton trader from New Orleans. Later they moved to a plantation near Cloutierville, Louisiana, where her husband died in 1882. She returned to Missouri with her six children, and began her writing career. She beganRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1462 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin is viewed as a woman ahead of her time, who explored themes that were unconventional to her era such as freedom and individuality, sexuality, and the role of women in society. In the novel â€Å"The Awakening,† published in 1899, Chopin uses protagonist Edna Pontellier to confront the social conventions that women faced in the Victorian Era, and the strict rules by the Creole society that limited women to the primary role of wife and mother. Chopin uses symboli sm to express these ideas, andRead MoreKate Chopin s The Locket And Desiree s Baby1575 Words   |  7 PagesSkillfully using similar literary elements in both stories, Chopin represents different outlooks on life for the audience by enriching them with astonishing endings. Foreshadowing is one of the most influential literary devices of classic literature that Chopin masterly uses in both stories. At the beginning of â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Chopin foretells a tragic, vicious ending, but doesn’t let the readers to make a straightforward conclusion about it. Chopin gives the clues about the disclosure of Armand’s blackRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1611 Words   |  7 Pagesexpectations and can be considered selfish. In The Awakening, Kate Chopin uses the contrasting views and actions surrounding motherhood of Adele Ratignolle and Edna Pontellier to show that women should have the right to choose their own destiny and lifestyle, not based on what society expects of them, but based on their own personal desires and requirements for self-fulfillment. In The Awakening, Adele Ratignolle represents the traditional mother –woman of the late nineteenth century. Mother-women, â€Å"women

Principles of Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Sustainable Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction Supply chain is one of the indispensable sections of an organisation that needs to be supervised effectively for better result. Supply chain management involves the process of procurement to effective production and then distribution where a number of different entities are involved. In the effective management of supply chain there are number of internal and external partners who are directly involved in proper provision of services to the consumers. Hence it could be said that the supply chain is more about making proper networks and relations apart from developing a strong production and distribution chain (Beske, 2012 p, 12). Relationships play a crucial role in the development of a successful supply chain if organisations could handle them properly and if not possible then it could have definite ramifications. There are number of operations manager of the different multinational organisations who have focused on building up relations among the different levels of the organisatio n and also in the external environment in order to make sure supply chain or global supply chain is performing well. Some of the multinational companies like Nike, Tesco, IKEA, Ford, Apple, DHL et cetera have been able to develop their relationship across the network effectively which has helped them to succeed in different regions all across the world (Christopher, 2016 p, 67). The present study will discuss the key aspects of the supply chain and network relationship effectively. Nike Inc. is one of the biggest American Multinational organisations which has been able to operate all across the world effectively and hence it becomes an effective choice of discussing relationships within the supply chain effectively. Global Supply Chain Management at Nike Inc Management of relations across the supply chain is undoubtedly one of the most important works that an organisation has to do because effective supply chain stands to be one of the key aspects to provide customer satisfaction. Management of relations and coordination within the supply chain of an organisation is important. The main focus of the multinational companies needs to be on the development of relations which needs to effective management of close coordination all across the world and also suitable decision making. As stated by research scholars it could be said that the success of the supply chain relies on the relations that has been developed by the organisation. By placing relationships at the centre of the supply chain it is possible to create greater commitment and better coordination between the different levels of the supply chain. The supply chain is a wide chain of entities bound together and hence close coordination is extremely important for an organisation with a ll the different entities responsible for procurement to entities responsible for distribution (Stadtler, 2015 p, 12). Nike has always been an innovative operator but it is not that the organisation didnt face troubles in its operation. During the early 90s the organisation had faced significant issues with its different factories and outlets. The response to a supply chain has been a strategic shift for the organisation which has helped it to develop a strong bonding between the global supply chains of the organisation effectively. Nike is one of the leading business organisations in the world with its business operation in almost each and every country that asks for a strong supply chain which would help the organisation to communicate and link each and every entity and form a strong communicative bond which is effective for making decisions across the global supply chain. Nikes main focus in the last few years has been to control and bind all the factories and outlets all regional offices and suppliers and the consumers under one marquee. The company focuses on binding its global market under one roof which has given rise to the need of a universal platform through which the organisation is able to communicate and make decisions with the intervention of all the key entities involved in the supply chain of the organisation (Fawcett et al., 2014 p, 23). Since supply chain is a result of a complex and global relationship and network Nike emphasised on developing a strong platform where all the key entities involved in the supply chain would be able to come and put forward their ideas and insights which would help to make sure the decision making is based on completely participative environment. Managing close coordination which means bonding and communication along with any kind of offshore decisions became important for the organisation Supply chain coordination could be stated as the movement made by all the different entities involved in the supply chain to provide better results from the supply chain management. Nike has realised the importance of developing a strong coordination all across the global market which has led to developing a global database which has helped the organisation to involve all it factories and outlets as well as the suppliers which helps the organisation to effectively communicate and develop a strong bonding. The global database developed by the organisation has helped the organisation to communicate effectively and keep a close eye on each other and their actions. Each and every entity involved in the supply chain of Nike is able to understand their actions and this helps them to communicate effectively (Monczka et al., 2015 p, 34). The coordi nation is mainly developed with a single supply chain format where the suppliers and the production units are able to communicate directly and similarly the other entities within the supply chain are in direct contact. The different stages of the supply chain may not be properly coordinated because the different stages of the supply chain are owned by different owners and hence the organisation Nike first of all focuses on developing a strong strategy which would help to get in touch with the outsourcing partners effectively and involve them in the decisions making process which helps to develop a strong bond between the organisation and the different entities of the supply chain. The organisation Nike has focused on understanding the concept of Bullwhip Effect which has helped the organisation to effectively study its global demand and supply and accordingly make decisions. The Bullwhip effect could be defined as the fluctuations and differences between the demand and supply down the line in the supply chain which has been one of the problems for the organisation Nike in the earlier days (Seuring, 2013 p, 45). The organisation has focused on building strategic partnerships between the layers of th e supply chain which has helped to make sure close coordination is intact in the supply chain. Nike emphasises largely on the trust based relationship in order to develop coordination in the supply chain. Even for the decision making in the supply chain Nike prefers to communicate with the global procurement department, the production department and the distribution segment headed by the third party organisations. The decision making system for the organisation is managed at every level of the supply chain and the coordination is maintained with the help of the global database and communication channels. The organisation takes a deterrence based to develop close coordination between the different levels of the supply chain especially for the distribution part as it is outsourced by the organisation. The deterrence based view shows that the parties in the different levels of the supply chain are bound by different formal contracts to cooperate in the levels of the supply chain. Since Nikes supply chain is a global supply chain it is important for the organisation to have a trust based view especially with departments like procurement, production and administration (Ross, 2014 p, 45). The supply chain of the organisation presently works with communication where the operational roles of each and every segment is divided and since they are interlinked and hence they will have to communicate which is mainly done through the global database and cloud based communication which has helped the organisation to focus on developing the supply chain and communication between the different levels of supply chain. What strengthened the relationship and coordination of the supply chain is the allotment of authority to the different departments to make effective decision for the smooth operation of the supply chain system within the organisation. Hence it could be said that the organisation follows reciprocal interdependence where each party involved in the supply chain system of the organisation Nike come together to exchange inputs in both directions that develops a suitable relationship in the global supply chain (Walker and Jones, 2012 p, 56). The organisation has also desig ned effective conflict resolution mechanism that significantly strengthened the supply chain relationship. Nike has been able to develop a strong communication in its global supply chain where the outsourced parties also take part through direct strategic alliances in order to make sure that the different levels are effectively engaged with the process and are able to make sure the procurement, production, delivery and inventory management are done in the best possible manner by the organisation for the global operations (Waters and Rinsler, 2014 p, 67). Finally the organisation Nike implements a key strategy of Planning, forecasting and replenishment strategy. This strategy is an effective strategy which has helped many companies previously and hence Nike has chosen this effective supply chain management strategy. This is a collaborative planning which is an effective business practice that involves effective intervention of the intelligence of the different external and internal partners in the planning and fulfillment of the consumer demand (Ashby et al., 2012 p, 89). This strategy is suitable for Nike to constantly improve its supply chain communication with the different departments involved in the supply chain. This not only helps the organisation to bind the global supply chain effectively but it also helps the organisation to improve their coordination between the different levels of the organisation that has helped the organisation to keep the close coordination intact all across the globe effectively. The organisation has s trategised the entire supply chain with the help of the above discussed plans (Sarkis, 2012 p, 78). Distinctive RD Investment and increase in revenue for Nike Inc. Nikes investment in the research and development has played a stellar role in its constant global development. This has also helped to increase its revenue which could be seen in its income statement and revenue growth statistics for the last few years. Nikes Research and development department has focused on implementing sustainable innovation. The organisation has developed its supply chain effectively in order to make sure it is able to do sustainable innovation and this has clearly facilitated by the distinctive Research and Development Team of the organisation Nike. According to the new global study Nike has been crowned as the most innovative company in the world. The organisation has radically redefined by the organisation. The Research and Development investment by the company is done very prudently where the RD of the organisation has been able to make its overall thinking flexible and innovative which has been key for the organisation Nike Inc (Wisner et al., 2014 p, 89). I n the year 2013 the organisation Nike has been provided with 540 patents which clearly show that the research and development department of the organisation has been effective in constantly analysing the market and understanding the need and want of the consumers effectively. Nike is considered as one of the companies that spends huge amount of money in research and development and this has definitely helped the organisation to generate significant amount of revenue from the market. Nike has been consistent with its innovation which has reflected on the kind of products it comes up with at regular intervals. The organisation spends on its research and development as the organisation understands that better products will definitely help to make sure better generation of revenue and hence it is inclined towards investing more on revenue generation (Monczka et al., 2015 p, 90). Nike has created a niche market for itself and over the years the organisation has received increased revenue from all over the world which definitely shows the positive impact of innovation and effective research and development. In the last fiscal year Nike Inc has received around 10% increase in its overall turnover every year. The organisation continues to assess the market and understand the needs and wants of the consumers which has helped the organisation to create a wide range of products in the market that has helped the organisation to have a huge amount of revenue in the last few years (Myerson, 2012 p, 98). The Nike Inc Revenue and performance clearly shows the constant improvement in its revenue generation which is shown in the graph below: The present graph shows that the last five years till 2015 the organisations revenue has climbed up significantly. The research and development management at Nike is very upfront about the positive changes that the organisation needs especially to improve business strategies which would help the organisation to generate significant revenue. The research and development of the organisation has been distinctive for the organisation and this has helped the company to develop its products for the diversified needs of the consumers. One of the major factors in Nikes strategic growth has been its ongoing investment in RD (Monczka et al., 2015 p, 93). Nikes management seems to have mastered the art of making strategic investments in the key areas of the business and Research and Development has been one such area. The research and development has not only helped to develop the products developed by the organisation but it has also helped to streamline the supply chain management and have al so helped to implement technological improvement for the organisation. The spending done on the research and development of the organisation has been effective as it has helped to develop newer products for instance improvement done on the sports footwear and other sports gears have been embraced happily by the consumers which has helped the organisation to generate significant amount of revenue. Even though the organisation has significant competition from companies like Adidas, Reebok, Puma et cetera it has been able to hold on its market share through distinctive nature of the research and development which has been effective in also developing the generation of revenue and in the last few years (Humphries, 2013 p, 78). Supply chain risks and mitigation strategy In Global business there could be number of risks but supply chain risks are most common for companies like Nike Inc. The main issues it could face are: Inventory management: In global business inventory management is one of the major problems. The different productions units have different issues and in this scenario inventory pile up would definitely affect the organisation as well as the cash flow of the company. It is important for the organisation to have global supply chain management it is important to have proper communication and audits in inventory departments which would help to use inventory in the best possible manner. The organisation has moved on to sustainable business and hence shifted to using sustainable materials and hence storage and efficient utility usage application is important for inventory management (Sodhi et al., 2012 p, 87). Labor issues: The organisation has earlier faced labor issues and it has been criticised as well. Hence labor issues are one of the key issues which the organisation needs to address. Effective and consistent wages and suitable environment provision strategy will have to be developed by the organisation (Beske, 2012 p, 67). Decision Making: Decision making in supply chain could be difficult if communication and coordination is not effective and hence organisation needs to develop a universal cloud based communication channel through which supply chain participants could be constantly in touch. Development of communication channels even for the third party organisations will be effective in making decisions within the supply chain (Gilmour, 2013 p, 90). Quality Management: Within the supply chain quality management could be largely difficult as each and every process might not be supervised properly or they might not have quality gateways and hence having Total Quality Management in place is imperative for the organisation Nike (Janvier-James, 2012 p, 89). Contribution of technology in gaining competitive advantage of Nike Big Data Analytics and Internet of Things have been highly effective in helping Nike to gain competitive advantage in the market. Even though the organisation Nike works in a competitive global environment but its products are unique in nature as its research and development is unique and distinct. The organisation Nike has been one of the major companies in Footwear Industry to integrate internet of things in its footwear to understand the activity level of an individual. The footwear has been designed with sensors and Bluetooth devices which could be connected to iPods and iPhones and other devices for doing number of things which is completely unique in nature (Gereffi and Lee, 2012 p, 77). Apart from that it has also developed gears which could measure heart rate, fitness and ability, video sensors attached to gears, jump height and lateral acceleration sensors with Nike footwear which has become a revolution in the industry and this has given the company a different place in the minds of the consumers. The interested consumers are more focused on seeing the brand and Nike in that cordon have been able to gain competitive advantage with its unique thinking and design. On the other hand Nike is focused on using Big Data Analytics to make sustainable designs for future. The company uses big data to make sustainable designs and develop manufacturing procedures which are sustainable dealing with environmental sustainability. The organisation has been able to develop water free dying technique effective to design gears and have also found a way to manage water through big data (Coyle et al., 2016 34). The company has invested a lot of intellectual property in developing its products which has been possible through big data and this has created a brand image in the minds of consumers which has given them the upper hand in the market and helped them gain competitive advantage that they need to sustain in this highly competitive global market (Qrunfleh and Tarafdar , 2014 p, 40). Conclusion Supply chain is an extremely important section for every business and this could be understood with the approach that Nike has implemented to manage its global supply chain. It could be said that Nike has been able to manage its supply chain with the different strategies that have been suitable for the organisation. There are number of critical risks related to Nike which would have to be eliminated to streamline the operations process of the organisation. Nike is one of the leading organisations in the world and hence the organisation definitely faces significant inventory problems which have to be properly addressed. Apart from inventory management labor issues, quality management and supply chain decision making are some of the key aspects which needs to be addressed by the organisation in order to get better result from the supply chain management. The organisation has been able to implement Total Quality Management in order to involve the entire workforce and every level of the organisation to provide the best quality system which has helped the company to mitigate global competition (Gereffi and Lee, 2012 p, 79). The technologies like Big Data and integration of Internet of Things has been effective to mitigate the increasing competition in the market. Overall to conclude it could be said that Nikes growth in the recent past has been conspicuous due to the constant improvement made in the supply chain which has helped the organisation to emphasise on the improvement of the supply chain allowing the Nike to develop one of the successful supply chain in its market. The present study has discussed the key aspects of supply chain management which has helped to cover up the key objectives laid down by the study. References Ashby, A., Leat, M. and Hudson-Smith, M., 2012. Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), pp.497-516. Beske, P., 2012. Dynamic capabilities and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(4), pp.372-387. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Coyle, J.J., Langley, C.J., Novack, R.A. and Gibson, B., 2016.Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Cruz, J.M., 2013. Mitigating global supply chain risks through corporate social responsibility.International Journal of Production Research,51(13), pp.3995-4010. Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. and Ogden, J.A., 2014.Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson. Gereffi, G. and Lee, J., 2012. Why the world suddenly cares about global supply chains.Journal of supply chain management,48(3), pp.24-32. Gilmour, P., 2013. Benchmarking supply chain operations.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Humphries, M., 2013. Rare earth elements: The global supply chain.Congressional Research Service,16. Janvier-James, A.M., 2012. A new introduction to supply chains and supply chain management: Definitions and theories perspective.International Business Research,5(1), p.194. Johnson, P.F., 2014.Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Myerson, P., 2012.Lean supply chain and logistics management. Colombus: McGraw-Hill Porteous, A. and Rammohan, S., 2013. Integration, Incentives and Innovation Nikes Strategy to Improve Social and Environmental Conditions in its Global Supply Chain. Qrunfleh, S. and Tarafdar, M., 2014. Supply chain information systems strategy: Impacts on supply chain performance and firm performance.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.340-350. Ross, D.F., 2013.Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Sarkis, J., 2012. A boundaries and flows perspective of green supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(2), pp.202-216. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Sodhi, M.S., Son, B.G. and Tang, C.S., 2012. Researchers' perspectives on supply chain risk management.Production and operations management,21(1), pp.1-13. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Walker, H. and Jones, N., 2012. Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), pp.15-28. Waters, D. and Rinsler, S., 2014.Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K.C. and Leong, G.K., 2014.Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

Literary Nationalism free essay sample

An examination of the debate over American literary nationalism which began in the early nineteenth century. This essay examines the main issues that were involved in the contentious debate over American literary nationalism at the beginning of the 19th century in the United States. The English critic Sidney Smiths biting comment Who reads an American book? is discussed, in terms of how it continued, and helped perpetuate, the debate about American literary nationalism. Further, this essay outlines how Washington Irvings tales in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon helped to fulfill the need for a unique, American literature that was noted by the Englishman Sidney Smith. There were several main issues that fired the contentious debate over American literary nationalism at the beginning of the 19th century, in the United States. The debate surrounded the apparent inability of American authors to produce quality literature. Certainly, America had received its political independence from Britain long before the 19th century, but in terms of art and literature, America had failed to produce works that were equal (of better) in quality to those produced in Great Britain. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Nationalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Certainly, and most importantly, the major point of this debate was that there was no clearly unique style of American literature. Equally important was the perception that the American literature produced was inferior in quality to that produced by British authors (Early). Interestingly, this inability to produce quality literature was reflected in the lacklustre sense of American cultural identity. In Adventures in American Literature: Classic Edition, James Early suggests that a strong sense of American cultural identity needed to be rooted in a significant national literature.